Reconciling strong slab pull and weak plate bending: The plate motion constraint on the strength of mantle slabs     

Benjun Wu  Clinton P. Conrad  Arnauld Heuret  Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni  Serge Lallemand 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):412-421

Although subducting slabs undergo a bending deformation that resists tectonic plate motions, the magnitude of this resistance is not known because of poor constraints on slab strength. However, because slab bending slows the relatively rapid motions of oceanic plates, observed plate motions constrain the importance of bending. We estimated the slab pull force and the bending resistance globally for 207 subduction zone transects using new measurements of the bending curvature determined from slab seismicity. Predicting plate motions using a global mantle flow model, we constrain the viscosity of the bending slab to be at most ~ 300 times more viscous than the upper mantle; stronger slabs are intolerably slowed by the bending deformation. Weaker slabs, however, cannot transmit a pull force sufficient to explain rapid trenchward plate motions unless slabs stretch faster than seismically observed rates of ~ 10^− 15 s^− 1. The constrained bending viscosity (~ 2 × 10²³ Pa s) is larger than previous estimates that yielded similar or larger bending resistance (here ~ 25% of forces). This apparent discrepancy occurs because slabs bend more gently than previously thought, with an average radius of curvature of 390 km that permits subduction of strong slabs. This gentle bending may ultimately permit plate tectonics on Earth.  相似文献   

晚新生代地壳构造运动研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高名修 《地质力学学报》2008,14(4):295-319

通过地球表面清、新的构造地貌与现代水文网记录, 研究晚新生代年轻地壳构造运动。研究发现高原-山带-盆地排列有序形影相依的定式, 与现代水文网的演化相辅相成, 揭示高原边缘山带本质上就是高原边缘流水深切割的产物。论证了于晚中新世时期全球曾准平原化, 发育了全球统一的准平原, 散布全球不同高度的高原面、齐平山顶面与盆地底面时代相当可广泛对比。现代构造地貌演化始于导致晚中新世准平原面分裂解体的上新世以来, 同时证明晚新生代地壳构造运动属垂直拱曲块断差异升降构造运动, 仅在某些特定部位局部派生次级不同规模的引张构造变形和层间滑动薄皮挤压构造变形。现代水文网发育经历了上新世-早更新世属盆地向心水系伴以河湖相沉积, 以及中更新世以来串珠状水系与相关的河流相沉积, 两套地层呈假整合或不整合, 明确记录了晚新生代地壳构造运动进程的两个主要阶段。约近70~80万年的中更新世以来, 新一轮强烈的地壳的差异升降构造运动, 显著的改造了已有的格局。自俄罗斯远东山地, 经蒙古高原和青藏高原至印度西北阿拉瓦利山, 地球表面规模最雄伟的、分开太平洋水系与北冰洋水系的亚洲巨型分水岭的出现, 标志新兴的全球现代构造地貌与水文网的形成, 奠定了今日构造地貌与水文网的景观。研究表明, 大陆与大洋晚中新世全球统一准平原面一脉相承, 晚新生代地壳构造运动完全可以对比。深入系统研究年轻的晚新生代地壳构造运动不仅有实用价值, 同时也有重要的科学意义, 特别是为探究全球构造运动本质和地球动力学提供了一个新的视角。   相似文献   

层状地壳的等效力学模量和分层应力     

武红岭 《地球学报》1999,20(3):225-231

针对地球动力学研究中的板壳力学模型的分层问题,根据等效原则, 给出了用各分层弹性参数和厚度表示的中性面位置、折合抗弯刚度和等效弹性参数。结合实际地壳受横向和侧向力作用时产生的弯曲形变和应力,具体介绍了用这种折算模量的方法去求解地壳中的应力、应变状态, 并通过比较等效应力与各分层应力的差异, 阐明了岩石力学性质的不同对各圈层应力的影响作用。研究进一步表明,来自地壳深部的垂直向上的力是造成上部地壳伸展类构造的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

基于二次多项式拟合的超短基线声线修正方法     

罗宇  程梦迪  李倩倩  宋熙昭  施剑 《海洋通报》2023,(1):42-47

超短基线定位解算中的距离观测值是指换能器与水下应答器之间的直线距离,而海水声速的不均匀分布导致声波在海水中的实际传播路径为连续弯曲的曲线,需要结合实测声速剖面进行声线修正。根据声速在分层介质中的传播特性,本文提出了一种基于二次多项式拟合的声线跟踪算法,采用线性插值方法对声速剖面数据进行合理加密并按等深度进行分层,设定每层声速梯度是不断变化的,用二次多项式拟合声速,基于运动学原理建立了完整的数学解算模型。仿真结果表明,该方法修正后的水下目标分布具有明显的收敛性,且优于等梯度声线跟踪算法和等效声速剖面法,显著提高了超短基线水声定位系统的定位精度。  相似文献   

小口径涡轮钻具减速器非对称齿轮弯曲强度分析          下载免费PDF全文

张翔  周琴  张蔚  张凯 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):80-86

小口径涡轮钻具减速器是小井眼深井钻探钻具的重要部件,具有体积小、承载大的特点。采用非对称齿轮代替传统齿轮是提高减速器承载能力的有效手段。非对称齿轮两侧的齿根圆角半径和压力角是区别于对称齿轮的关键参数,通过改变齿轮的齿形结构进而影响了齿轮的齿根弯曲强度。为了进一步研究齿根圆角半径和工作侧压力角对齿根弯曲应力的影响规律,以φ127 mm涡轮钻具减速器中太阳轮为研究对象,建立非对称齿轮的受力模型,基于平截面法得到非对称齿轮齿根弯曲应力的理论计算公式,并通过有限元法对对称齿轮和非对称齿轮进行对比分析,仿真结果表明：增大齿根圆角半径能增大齿轮齿根过渡曲线的曲率半径,从而改善齿根处的应力集中;工作侧压力角的增大能有效降低齿根弯曲应力,但压力角超过一定值时,齿根弯曲应力逐渐趋于稳定。理论分析和仿真结果基本吻合,研究结果可以为优化减速器非对称齿轮的主要参数提供依据和参考。  相似文献   

用逐次面积矩法解简单超静定梁     

胡庆陪 《广东海洋大学学报》1990,(1)

本文用逐次面积矩法解超静定梁。这是一种简单的方法,只要画出多余未知力的单位弯矩图,计算出它的面积,一次矩,二次矩,三次矩,然后按照梁上的载荷建立变形协调方程,多余未知力即可算出。  相似文献   

山区急倾斜煤层开采上覆岩层弯曲挠度预计     

李辉  梁冰  李刚  白云鹏  张春梅 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(3):101-104

为了研究山区急倾斜煤层开采上覆岩层的弯曲变形规律,建立了上覆岩层弯曲变形的力学模型,运用弹性力学中的薄板弯曲理论,推导了上覆岩层弯曲挠度的预计公式,利用此公式对上覆岩层的弯曲挠度进行了计算。研究结果表明:(1)由于山区急倾斜煤层覆岩的线性荷载的作用,岩板的弯曲挠度曲线不再具有对称性,岩板弯曲挠度的最大值偏向于岩板倾斜的下山方向;(2)岩板弯曲挠度随着采深的增大而增大,岩板弯曲挠度最大值出现的位置逐渐由下山方向向采空区中点移动,但是最大挠度出现的位置不会越过采空区中点而位于倾斜岩板的上山方向;(3)岩板弯曲挠度随着山地倾角的增大而增大,岩板挠度最大值出现的位置距离采空区中点越来越远;(4)岩板弯曲挠度随着煤层倾角的增大而减小,岩板弯曲挠度最大值出现的位置距离采空区中点越来越远。  相似文献   

通过影响高度多路径质量控制改进热带对流层低层GPS掩星资料同化效果          下载免费PDF全文

邹晓蕾  刘辉 《大气科学学报》2020,43(1):116-127

与观测气象、电离层和气候的GPS卫星计划COSMIC-1相比,COSMIC-2有更大功率的GPS接收天线,高2倍的采样率(100 Hz),小3倍的轨道倾角(24°)。因此,COSMIC-2和未来小卫星将为热带地区提供前所未有的大量无线电掩星观测资料。因为热带对流层低层水汽含量高,折射率有局地大梯度,违背大气球对称性假定,造成影响多路径现象,所以热带地区的掩星资料同化具有较大挑战性。本文首先利用之前研究中提出的影响参数多路径质量控制方法,去除热带对流层低层弯角模拟中出现影响参数多路径现象的资料,然后使用有限射线长度二维(2D)路径追踪观测算子和一维(1D)Abel变换观测算子,进行GPS弯角资料同化。结果表明,如果射线路径限制在离近地面点±300~400 km的水平距离以内,有限射线长度2D路径追踪观测算子得到的弯角模拟与2D射线追踪观测算子得到的弯角廓线之差不仅无偏,而且其标准差远比1D Abel的弯角模拟精度高。此外,无论采用1D Abel变换还是有限射线长度2D路径追踪观测算子来模拟弯角,影响参数多路径质量控制方案都能进一步改进GPS掩星弯角资料同化和预报精度。  相似文献   

The evaluation method of total damage to ship in underwater explosion     

A-man Zhang  Ling-yu Zeng  Xiao-da Cheng  Shi-ping Wang  Yu Chen 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(4):240-251

Whipping response will happen when a ship is subjected to underwater explosion bubble load. In that condition, the hull would be broken, and even the survivability will be completely lost. A calculation method on the dynamic bending moment of bubble has been put forward in this paper to evaluate the impact of underwater explosion bubble load on the longitudinal strength of surface ships. Meanwhile the prediction equation of bubble dynamic bending moment has been concluded with the results of numerical simulation. With wave effect taken into consideration, the evaluation method of the total damage of a ship has been established. The precision of this evaluation method has been proved through the comparison with calculation results. In order to verify the validity of the calculation results, experimental data of real ship explosion is applied. Prediction equation and evaluation method proposed in this paper are to be used in ship structure design, especially in the preliminary prediction of the ultimate withstanding capability of underwater explosion damage for the integrated ship in preliminary design phase.  相似文献   

Experimental study of hollow rectangular bridge column performance under vertical and cyclically bilateral loads     

Han Qiang  Du Xiuli  Yihui Zhou  George C. Lee 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(3):433-445

To investigate the seismic performance of hollow reinforced concrete(RC) bridge columns of rectangular cross section under constant axial load and cyclically biaxial bending,five specimens were tested.A parametric study is carried out for different axial load ratios,longitudinal reinforcement ratios and lateral reinforcement ratios.The experimental results showed that all tested specimens failed in the flexural failure mode and their ultimate performance was dominated by flexural capacity,which is represented by the rupture/buckling of tensile longitudinal rebars at the bottom of the bridge columns.Biaxial force and displacement hysteresis loops showed significant stiffness and strength degradations,and the pinching effect and coupling interaction effect of both directions severely decrease the structural seismic resistance.However,the measured ductility coefficient varying from 3.5 to 5.7 and the equivalent viscous damping ratio varying from 0.19 and 0.26 can meet the requirements of the seismic design.The hollow RC rectangular bridge columns with configurations of lateral reinforcement in this study have excellent performance under bidirectional earthquake excitations,and may be considered as a substitute for current hollow RC rectangular section configurations described in the Guideline for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges(JTG/T B02-01-2008).The length of the plastic hinge region was found to approach one sixth of the hollow RC rectangular bridge column height for all specimen columns,and it was much less than those specified in the current JTG/T.Thus,the length of the plastic hinge region is more concentrated for RC rectangular hollow bridge columns.  相似文献